无人机在重大地质灾害应急调查中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭晨  许强  董秀军  巨袁臻  宁浩 《测绘通报》2020,(10):6

传统的地质灾害应急调查受限于地形、天气等外界条件，不能快速全面地获取灾害的详细信息，而无人机具有灵活性强、时效性高和不受复杂地形影响等特点，在地质灾害应急调查中有独特的优势。本文以“6·24”新磨村滑坡和“10·11”白格滑坡为例，阐述了无人机数据获取及处理流程，重点介绍了无人机获取的数字地形产品在地质灾害精确描述、定性及定量分析中的应用。结果表明：无人机摄影测量技术为重大地质灾害应急调查提供了更加科学高效的现场影像采集和遥感成果处理及应用方案，为应急救灾工作的顺利实施及分析研判提供了重要数据支撑，科学有效地保证了现场施工救援人员的安全。  相似文献   

A smoothed particle hydrodynamics modelling of soil–water mixing and resulting changes in average strength     

Wangcheng Zhang  Mark F. Randolph 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(11):1548-1569

Soil–water interaction is a pivotal process in many underwater geohazards such as underwater landslides where soil sediments gradually evolve into turbidity currents after interactions with ambient water. Due to the large deformations, multiphase interactions and phase changes this involves, investigations from numerical modelling of the transition process have been limited so far. This study explores a simple numerical replication of such soil–water mixing with respect to changes in average strength using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). A uniform viscoplastic model is used for both the solid-like and fluid-like SPH particles. The proposed numerical solution scheme is verified by single-phase dam break tests and multiphase simple shear tests. SPH combinations of solid-like and fluid-like particles can replicate the clay–water mixture as long as the liquidity index of the solid-like particles is larger than unity. The proposed numerical scheme is shown to capture key features of an underwater landslide such as hydroplaning, water entrainment and wave generation and thus shows promise as a tool to simulate the whole process of subaquatic geohazards involving solid–fluid transition during mass transport.  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of Rainfall-induced Xianchi Reservoir Landslide in Yunyang, Chongqing, China     

YAN Jinkai  MA Yan  LIU Lei  WANG Zhihui  REN Tianxiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2024,98(2):505-517

A calamitous landslide happened at 22:00 on September 1, 2014 in the Yunyang area of Chongqing City, southwest China, enforcing the evacuation of 508 people and damaging 23 buildings. The landslide volume comprised 1.44 million m3 of material in the source area and 0.4 million m3 of shoveled material. The debris flow runout extended 400 m vertically and 1600 m horizontally. The Xianchi reservoir landslide event has been investigated as follows: (1) samples collected from the main body of landslide were carried out using GCTS ring shear apparatus; (2) the parameters of shear and pore water pressure have been measured; and (3) the post-failure characteristics of landslide have been analyzed using the numerical simulation method. The excess pore-water pressure and erosion in the motion path are considered to be the key reasons for the long-runout motion and the scale-up of landslides, such as that at Xianchi, were caused by the heavy rainfall. The aim of this paper is to acquired numerical parameters and the basic resistance model, which is beneficial to improve simulation accuracy for hazard assessment for similar to potentially dangerous hillslopes in China and elsewhere.  相似文献   

黄土高原西南部陇县—千阳一带崩塌、滑坡地质灾害的遥感影像特征及其分布规律     

徐刚郑达兴  李述靖 《地质通报》2008,27(11):1837-1845

渭北高原西段新构造活动强烈,崩塌、滑坡地质灾害频繁发生。通过1：5万专题遥感解译和重点地质调查,全区遥感解译崩塌、滑坡地质灾害点共计611处,其中大型滑坡17处、中型滑坡194处、小型滑坡385处,小型崩塌15处。结合区域地理、地质环境特征,将区内大、中型滑坡地质灾害点划分为5个集中分布区、6个集中分布带。区内崩塌、滑坡地质灾害主要受地形地貌、新构造与岩性条件的控制,以地质灾害点集中分布区、带为基础,参考重点地质灾害点的影响范围及人类活动的状况,将千阳县城关镇—崔家头镇、陇县杜阳镇—千阳县草碧镇、陇县峡口河—杨河沟地区列为地质灾害防治监测重点地区。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲宏观经济发展与震后恢复方案     

黄昭庆  黄贯虹 《华南地震》1995,15(3):75-86

在投入产出综合平衡模型的基础上，在充分考虑珠江三角洲地区资源的条件下，结合该区未来经济发展的战略目标，建立了宏观经济发展的动态递推模型。利用该模型，借助系统优化算法，对珠江三角洲地区宏观经济的发展作出了最优规划，对该区未来的震害提出了最佳的恢复方案。由震害所致间接经济损失的系统分析，是结合原发展规划方案的对投资结构、产业结构作出的动态分析，可作为未来珠江三角洲地区产业的调整、投资、方向的改变，以主  相似文献   

上海附近地区水域的地质灾害及其对工程建筑的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

孙家淞  陈庆 《上海国土资源》1993,(2):17-26

本区水域的地质灾害分为直接的、潜在的和人为的三种,类型有冲刷槽、滑坡、活动沙波和沙脊、不稳定岸坡、快速侵蚀和堆积,浅滩和暗礁,埋藏古河道、古洼地、埋藏基岩、含气沉积物、“鸡蛋壳”地层,断层和地震,人为障碍物等。本文讨论了各类水域地质灾害的分布、特征、对工程建筑的影响和防治措施。  相似文献   

危岩滑坡简易监测预警研究——以重庆市及邻近地区为例     

任幼蓉  张军  陈鹏  赵天兵  徐家美 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(1):14-19

目前我国群测群防监测手段已广泛应用到地质灾害预警研究领域,采集的众多原始数据和简单清晰的动态曲线资料,为地质灾害的评价、预测、预警提供了极大的空间分析基础.针对群测群防专业基础薄弱特点,本文主要从简易监测方法入手,利用各种监测手段采集的监测数据,分析已成功预警的危岩滑坡预报曲线及其变化规律,进而寻求变形破坏临界信号,初步给出了由位移-时间曲线形态的变化作为预报尺度的简易确定方法及稳定性判断准则,以最大限度的保障社会安定.  相似文献   

公路桥梁地震易损性和震后恢复过程   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙振凯  邹其嘉 《华南地震》1999,19(2):62-70

采用专家调查的方式,统计的我国各种主要公路桥梁在不同烈度的地震发生后可能遭受的结构破坏和功能损失,以及地震发生后所需要的恢复时间。通过分析,给出了大、中、小种规模的斜拉、悬索、板梁式和拱式桥梁的结构破坏概率矩阵、设施损失率、功能损失率分布、损失功能恢复所需要的时间和桥梁在遭受破坏期间所损失的工作日数,并将研究结果与唐山地震之后的实际调查结果进行了对比,得到了一些有益的结果。  相似文献   

Contribution of ambient vibration recordings (free-field and buildings) for post-seismic analysis: The case of the Mw 7.3 Martinique (French Lesser Antilles) earthquake,November 29, 2007     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2013

Following the Mw 7.3 Martinique earthquake, November 29^th, 2007, a post-seismic survey was conducted by the Bureau Central Sismologique Français (BCSF) for macroseismic intensities assessment. In addition to the inventories, ambient vibration recordings were performed close to the particularly damaged zones in the free-field and the buildings. The objective of the paper is to show the relevancy of performing ambient vibration recordings for post-earthquake surveys. The analyses of the recordings aim at explaining the variability of the damages through site effects, structure vulnerability or resonance phenomena and to help the characterization of the post-seismic building integrity. In three sites prone to site effects, we suspect damage to be related to a concordance between soil fundamental frequency and building resonance frequency. Besides, the recordings of ambient vibrations at La Trinité hospital before and after the earthquake allow us to quantify the damage due to earthquake in terms of stiffness loss.  相似文献   

BIM技术在震后灾区居民装配式建筑设计中的应用     

唐雪静 《华南地震》2019,39(3):114-120

为解决震后灾区地形复杂,建筑建设困难问题,将BIM技术应用在震后灾区居民装配式建筑设计中,基于BIM体系框架设计震后灾区居民装配式建筑建造流程,通过设计阶段、工厂预制阶段、运输阶段以及安装阶段完成震后灾区居民装配式建筑项目的构建,采用Revit软件和Tekla软件构建装配式建筑的建筑模型和结构模型,利用BIM技术的可视化、参数化以及高合作性优势,优化模型以及构件,再通过Navisworks软件依据建筑模型实现建筑工程的碰撞检测,减少施工过程中的变更,降低建筑工程施工成本;通过基于BIM的震后建筑进度管理模型,实现建筑进化计划编制以及进度控制;利用Lumion软件输入工程材质实现建筑项目的实时漫游,直观了解装配式建筑效果。  相似文献